P0016 Code: Diagnosis and Fix with Autel Scan Tools

In previous articles, we’ve covered the meanings, symptoms, and diagnostic methods of many trouble codes. Trouble codes are like medical reports from a hospital: they tell you that something is wrong with your car, and then the mechanic explains exactly what the problem is, what caused it, and how to fix it. That’s exactly what our articles are designed to do.

When a car displays a trouble code, some repairs can be quite expensive, while others can be handled at home. Today, we’ll focus on trouble code P0016, which is primarily related to the camshaft and crankshaft. So, what causes this code? And how can the Autel scan tool assist in diagnosing and repairing code P0016?

What Is The Trouble Code P0016?

This trouble code appears when the vehicle's powertrain system detects a misalignment between the crankshaft and camshaft timing. Trouble code P0016, “Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1, Sensor A),” indicates a timing misalignment between the crankshaft (which controls ignition timing) and the camshaft (which controls fuel injection timing) in Bank 1.

“Bank 1” typically refers to the side containing cylinder 1, and “Sensor A” typically refers to the intake camshaft sensor. However, definitions may vary slightly depending on the make and model. Fault code P0016 sometimes appears alongside codes P0017 and P0019; these codes indicate issues with different cylinder banks or sensors.

The camshaft and camshaft sensor work together to precisely control fuel injection. Similarly, the crankshaft sensor triggers the ignition system to generate a controlled spark at the precise moment. These two systems are synchronized with the timing chain or timing belt. If they are found to be out of alignment for any reason, the powertrain control module will generate fault code P0016.

Crankshaft Position and Camshaft Position

Common Symptoms Associated with Code P0016

We’ve explained the meaning of trouble code P0016 and where the problem is located. So, if the P0016 code hasn’t been diagnosed yet, what signs might the car exhibit to alert us to the issue?

• The engine malfunction indicator light is on
• The engine turns over but won't start
• A clicking sound is coming from near the harmonic balancer
• Unstable idle or intermittent misfires
• Fuel economy has noticeably worsened

If your vehicle exhibits any of the above symptoms, you should use a diagnostic scanner as soon as possible to identify the trouble codes, as ignoring these issues could likely result in engine damage or the vehicle failing to start.

Check Engine light is on

What Are the Possible Causes of the P0016 Trouble Code?

The causes of code P0016 can be divided into two main categories:

Mechanical Causes:

• Timing chain or timing belt stretching or damage
• Damaged timing chain/belt tensioner or guide
• Damaged Camshaft or Crankshaft Reluctor Wheel
• Variable Valve Timing (VVT) Actuator (Phaser) Fault
• Low Oil Level (Indirectly affects VVT and timing stability)

Electrical Causes:

• Crankshaft sensor malfunction
• Camshaft sensor malfunction
• Damaged wiring or loose connections
• Variable Valve Timing (VVT) solenoid valve (oil control valve) malfunction
• PCM issue (e.g., software update required)

Check Oil Level

How to Use the Autel Scan Tool to Diagnose Code P0016

Now that you fully understand the meaning, symptoms, and causes of code P0016, how should you use the Autel scan tool to diagnose this fault code? Let’s take a look.

Step 1: Connect the vehicle to the diagnostic tool correctly

Autel scan tools come in two types: wired and wireless. Here, we will walk you through the steps using the wired connection as an example. Use the included main cable to connect the scanner to the vehicle via the OBD port. This allows you to read the fault codes stored in the car's computer.

Step 2: Go to the Diagnostics section and select your vehicle model

Go to the Diagnostics section. Then select the car model you want to diagnose, choose “Automatically Identify Vehicle VIN,” and verify that your vehicle's information is correct.

Step 3: Select your PCM module and read the trouble codes

At this step, you can choose to read the fault codes for all vehicle systems, or you can select the system associated with code P0016—typically the PCM module. After waiting a few minutes, you can check whether code P0016 has been diagnosed.

Trouble Code P0016 on the Autel Scan Tool

The steps above can help you quickly diagnose whether a P0016 fault code has occurred when your car shows signs of trouble. However, the Autel scan tool(such as Autel MS908S Pro II) can also help you further troubleshoot the issue and identify the root cause, such as:

• Data Streaming function: Monitor the crankshaft and camshaft signal waveforms in real time to check for any offset.
• Active test (Bi-Directional Control): Activate the VVT solenoid valve and check for normal response.
• Read freeze frame data: Analyze engine speed, load, temperature, and other data at the moment the problem occurs.

Compared to standard scanners, the Autel scan tool can more accurately pinpoint the root cause of the problem and supports recording and exporting diagnostic reports, helping technicians quickly identify repair options.

How to Fix Trouble Code P0016

The specific solution for fixing fault code P0016 varies depending on the underlying cause. In simple cases, replacing the timing belt may resolve the issue, while more complex situations may require replacing a sensor.

1. Check wiring & connectors: Look for corrosion, loose plugs, or damaged wires at both sensors. If you find any short circuits, frayed wires, or burnt wires, replace or repair the wires and connectors to restore power to the sensor.
2. Test sensors: Use a multimeter or Autel scan tool to confirm correct sensor output. Replace the sensor as needed
   

   Use Multimeter Test Camshaft Position Sensor

3. Inspect timing components: Examine the chain/belt, tensioner, and guides for slack, wear, or misalignment. If there is a problem, the timing belt or chain will need to be replaced or re-adjusted. The tensioner may also be damaged, causing the belt to slip out of place.
4. Inspect tone rings & harmonic balancer: Make sure they aren’t cracked, worn, or misaligned.
5. Advanced diagnostics: Mechanics may use an oscilloscope to verify proper crankshaft–camshaft synchronization. Perform maintenance as needed and replace any necessary parts.

After repairs are completed based on the specific cause of the malfunction, you must use an Autel scan tool to clear the trouble codes. Then, conduct a road test to verify that the trouble codes have been completely cleared and that the vehicle’s abnormal symptoms have disappeared.

How to Prevent P0016 from Occurring Again

1. Change your engine oil regularly (recommended every 5,000-8,000 km or as recommended by the manufacturer)
2. Use high-quality engine oil and filters to keep the VVT system clean
3. Check the timing system periodically, including chain tension and guide rail wear
4. Perform regular system inspections with Autel scanners to detect potential problems early
5. Avoid ignoring early engine noises or fault lights

Conclusion

Trouble Code P0016 indicates that there is a problem with your engine. If this code is ignored, it could lead to more serious consequences, resulting in higher repair costs and greater financial loss.

Using an Autel scan tool can help you diagnose trouble codes and identify the cause of the problem. If the issue is minor, you can perform the repair at home. However, if you lack relevant repair experience, it’s best to seek assistance from an auto repair shop to avoid causing further damage due to inexperienced handling.